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发表于 湖北省襄阳市 2019-7-30 10:42:54
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福布斯 | 世界十大发电量最大电站——水电站和核电站
2017年8月13日 英语文摘
The Biggest Power Plants In The World -- Hydro And Nuclear
The Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant, located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay, produces 103 billion kWhs a year, more than any power plant in the world
There have been some cool articles on the biggest power plants in the world (Forbes - Pentland), and China always tops the chart with its 22,500 MW (megaWatts electric) Three Gorges Dam Hydroelectric Plant.
But that isn’t actually true since it depends on how you define big.
The usual, but somewhat incorrect, measure of what’s biggest is the so-called Nameplate Installed Capacity, which is the maximum power a plant could produce at any moment when everything is running perfectly.
But the real measure of big is what the power plant actually produces. The difference between these two measures is what’s known as the capacity factor. The capacity factor is equal to what the plant, array or farm produces in kilowatt-hours (kWhs) per year divided by what it could produce if it ran at capacity, 24 hours a day, every day for the entire year.
A year has 8,766 hours, and we like to use kWhs for production since that’s what shows up in everyone’s electric bill at the end of the month.
No power plant runs all the time. Sometimes the hydroelectric dam has to ramp down to use the water to assist fish, irrigation or navigation and not use it to produce electricity. Often the sun isn’t shining or the wind isn’t blowing. There are outages for refueling, maintenance, and accidents.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that utility-scale solar photovoltaic installations in America had an average capacity factor of 27% in 2016, with utility-scale wind farms at 35%, hydroelectric at 38%, coal plants at 55%, combined-cycle natural gas plants at 56% and nuclear plants at 92%.
Last year, Three Gorges Dam generated about 93 billion kWhs each year, instead of the 193 billion kWhs that it could have generated if it had operated continuously, giving it a capacity factor of only 48%.
But Brazil’s Itaipu Dam, with a much smaller Nameplate capacity of 14,000 MW, had a whopping capacity factor of 84% and generated 103 billion kWhs last year, making it the biggest power plant in the world. Three Gorges was in second place.
From this perspective of electricity production, the biggest power plants in the world, and their annual electricity production, are:
1.Itaipu Hydroelectric Station (Brazil/Paraguay) 103,000,000,000 kWhs
2.Three Gorges Hydroelectric Plant (China) 93,500,000,000 kWhs
3.Xiluodo Hydroelectric Station (China) 52,200,000,000 kWhs
4.Hanul Nuclear Generating Station (S. Korea) 48,160,000,000 kWhs
5.Bruce Nuclear Generating Station (Canada) 47,630,000,000 kWhs
6.Hanbit Nuclear Generating Station (S. Korea) 47,620,000,000 kWhs
7.Guri Hydroelectric Station (Venezuela) 47,000,000,000 kWhs
8.Surgut-2 Natural Gas Plant (Russia) 39,850,000,000 kWhs
9.Palo Verde Nuclear Station (United States) 32,846,202,000 kWhs
10.Xiangjiaba Hydroelectric Station (China) 30,700,000,000 kWhs
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发表于 湖北省宜昌市 2019-7-24 14:44:55