Levels of lead in the Danjiangkou reservoir were found to be 20 times the maximum safe level set by the World Health Organisation, at more than 200 micrograms per litre, a 20-fold increase from 2007 to 2010, the researchers found.
The news comes in the same weak researchers in Hong Kong found "excessive" levels of lead in the drinking water of some public housing estates.
The WHO standard for a safe level of lead in a surface water source is 10 micrograms per litre. The maximum level regarded as safe by the United States Environmental Protection Agency is 15 micrograms. China's own national surface water quality standards call for levels to remain under 50 micrograms.
The study, published in the peer reviewed Journal of Environmental Informatics, found that levels of lead in the reservoir outstripped all of these guidelines.
Professor Zhang Quanfa, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Wuhan Botanical Garden and lead scientist of the long term observation project, declined an interview due to the sensitivity of the issue.
Whether the water from Danjiangkou reservoir was still drinkable “was not a question I am able to answer,” he told the South China Morning Post.
The water from Danjiangkou reservoir, which straddles Henan and Hubei provinces, supplies more than 60 per cent of taps in Beijing, according to the municipal government.
Excessive lead in drinking water can lead to a host of health problems, and can be especially dangerous to infants and children, according to the US EPA.
Lead poisoning can cause delays in physical or mental development with detectable deficits in attention span and learning abilities in children, while in adults the symptoms include kidney problems and increased blood pressure.
It is unclear how the results of the study relate to current drinking water in Beijing. The data collected by the researchers dates back to 2010 and they did not reveal more recent figures.
The water from Danjiangkou also receives extensive treatment at water processing plants before it reaches individual households. The Beijing government said it used advanced technologies and stringent regulations to ensure the quality of drinking water for its residents.
Locals stand atop the Danjiangkou dam. The reservoir is the major supplier of drinking water to Beijing and several other northern Chinese cities. Photo: AFP
The new study, which collected samples from eight locations across the reservoir, found other kinds of pollutants that exceeded safety standards, including arsenic and chromium, which can lead to cancer and skin problems.
The scientists’ findings contradicted assessments of water quality conducted at Danjiangkou by the Chinese government.
The Ministry of Water Resources said last month that the reservoir had been rated Grade 1, meaning lead levels were below 10 micrograms per litre, for more than 70 per cent of the time it has been in use. Lead levels in the reservoir have never fallen below Grade 2 on the national standards, between 10 and 50 micrograms per litre, the ministry said.
The Danjiangkou reservoir held 29 billion tons of water at the end of 2014 with a surface area of around 450 square kilometres. Its dam was 0.8 km downstream of the junction of the Han and Dan rivers in Hubei and Henan.
By the end of last year the government had spent more than 200 billion yuan on the water diversion project with the main canal exceeding 1,400 km in length.
The South-North Water Transfer Project is designed to funnel more than 14 billion tons of water per year from the Yangtze River region to more than 20 large and medium size cities in the north, with Beijing's water supply given top priority.
“Greater efforts must be made to reduce nitrogen, arsenic and lead pollution for water conservation in the reservoir,” the researchers said in their paper.
They said the increased levels of lead may be caused by an increase in vehicle exhaust pollutants in the upper Han river basin area, as well as mining related activities.
Stephen Chen
Source: http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1839337/beijing-drinking-water-reservoir-found-contain-levels-lead-20-times-who